Integrated Health Research Journal
type: channel
description: Integrated Health Research Journal is a multidisciplinary health science journal published by the College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. It publishes full-length, original research reports, reviews, and preliminary communications or letters to the editor that fall within the general scope of clinical and basic medicine, biomedical sciences, and pharmacy. The journal welcomes cutting-edge research across the full spectrum of health sciences, with core focus areas including: Infectious Diseases (encompassing emerging pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and pandemic preparedness); Immunology (spanning fundamental mechanisms, vaccine development, and immunotherapies); Pharmaceutical Sciences (from computational drug design and nanomedicine to clinical translation and pharmacovigilance); Oncology (advancing precision medicine, tumor microenvironment studies, and novel therapeutic modalities); Human Genetics & Genomics (including gene editing technologies, epigenetic regulation, and personalized medicine approaches); Neglected Tropical Diseases (emphasizing innovative diagnostics and treatment strategies); Nutritional Science (investigating nutrigenomics, microbiome interactions, and metabolic health); Epidemiology (integrating novel data science methods with traditional population health studies); Molecular Medicine (covering structural biology, proteomics, and synthetic biology applications); Nursing & Allied Health Research (focusing on healthcare delivery innovations and patient outcomes); Neurological Disorders (elucidating neurodegenerative mechanisms and therapeutic targets); and Cardiovascular Research (exploring regenerative therapies, disease biomarkers, and digital health technologies). Interdisciplinary submissions are particularly encouraged in emerging domains such as AI/ML-driven healthcare solutions, regenerative medicine, organ-on-chip systems, exposomics, and global health equity initiatives. Brief reports of…
publisher: College of Health and Allied Sciences (CoHAS), University of Cape Coast
language: en
publication name: Integrated Health Research Journal
issn: 2961-0028
items: Bridging Tradition and Science in Herbal Medicine
items: Mapping International and Regional Collaboration Networks in African Traditional Medicine Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (2000 – 2024)
items: Documentation of medicinal plants of The Sudan, methods applied and future prospects
items: Antiviral Activity of Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Kenya and Their Potential Role in Managing Viral Infections: A Systematic Review
items: Phytochemical-mediated silver nanoparticles synthesized from Vachellia sieberiana suppress redoxinflammatory signaling in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced organ toxicity
items: Cassia tora Gum: Structural Modification and Pre- Formulation Studies
items: A Comprehensive Review of the Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Health- Promoting Potential of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (Finger Millet)
items: MET-Mediated Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: In Silico Analysis of the Potential of Epicatechin-3-Gallate and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as Therapeutic Adjuvants
items: Plant-Derived Bioactive Proteins and Peptides as Emerging Therapeutics: Current Evidence and Potential Translational Challenges
items: Medicinal Significance, Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties of Prunus persica (L.): A Review
items: Gaps in Glaucoma Diagnosis and Management in Low-Resource Settings: Evidence, Challenges, and Practical Solutions for West Africa
items: Mental Health Literacy and Stigma among Pharmacists toward Patients with Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Sudan
items: Exploration of Histone H2B and Some Biochemical Markers in Sudanese Women with Breast Cancer
items: Knowledge, Attitude And Practices towards Sugar-Sweetened Beverages amongst Adolescents in Senior High Schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana.
items: Edible Insect Phobia and Associated Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in the Central Region of Ghana
items: Wound Healing and Pharmacological Properties of the Siddha Formulation Mathan Thailam: A Narrative Review
items: The Association of Polysomnographic Variables with BMI, Gender, and Age in Sudanese Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
items: Plant lectins: The next frontier in precision glycan-targeted medicine
items: Impact of hemodialysis on nutritional indices in chronic kidney disease patients: A cross-sectional study in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
items: Determinants of birth weight: A retrospective analysis at the University of Cape Coast Hospital
items: Misuse of dexamethasone for cosmetic purposes boosts hyperthyroidism and hepatotoxicity in albino rats
items: The role of protein carbonylation in various diseases: A review
items: Unconventional oil sources: emerging nutraceuticals for integrated health
items: Patient Perceptions of the Impact of the National Health Insurance Scheme on Healthcare Service Delivery in Ghana: A Systematic Review
items: Biosafety of Beauveria Bassiana as a biopesticide: No effects on sex hormones in experimental rats
items: Electronic health record impact on data quality: An integrated review
items: Plasmodium Falciparum Rifins: Role in malaria pathogenesis
items: The dilemma of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin
items: Safety culture and patient safety outcomes in developing countries: A narrative review
items: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University of Cape Coast hospital in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

Bridging Tradition and Science in Herbal Medicine
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description: The evolution of man and that of plants have an inseparable connection. Since time immemorial, the birthplace of man has also been the birthplace of medicine, where the harmonious interplay of nature and need gave rise to what is today known as African Traditional Medicine (ATM). As we embark upon this special issue on Traditional and Herbal Medicine: Bridging Ancient Wisdom and Modern Health Research by the Integrated Health Research Journal (IHRJ), we stand at an important crossroad. We are not only preserving the knowledge of our forefathers but also integrating their botanical legacy into contemporary medical practice through rigorous scientific investigation.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Emadeldin H. Konozy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Emadeldin H. Konozy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: i
ending page: ii

Mapping International and Regional Collaboration Networks in African Traditional Medicine Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (2000 – 2024)
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description: Background: African Traditional Medicine (ATM) plays a central role in healthcare across Africa and contributes to global drug discovery through its long-standing use of herbal, ritual, and spiritual practices. Although research output in ATM has increased, evidence on international and regional collaboration patterns remains limited. Understanding these partnerships is critical for strengthening research productivity, knowledge exchange, and the integration of traditional medicine into formal healthcare systems. Methods: A descriptive bibliometric analysis was conducted using peer-reviewed ATM-related publications indexed in the Scopus database from 2000 to 2024. Publication trends, authorship patterns, institutional productivity, and country-level collaborations were analysed. Co-authorship and collaboration networks were visualised using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix (R package). Results: A total of 2,392 publications were identified, representing an approximately 85-fold increase over the study period. South Africa led research output (37.4%), followed by Nigeria (4.8%), while the United States and the United Kingdom were the main non-African collaborators. Van Staden J., Afolayan A. J., and Maroyi A. were the most prolific authors. South African institutions, particularly the University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of Pretoria, and University of Fort Hare, dominated institutional output. Strong collaborative links were observed between South Africa and Nigeria, the USA, and the UK, with additional contributions from France, Germany, India, and Australia. Conclusions: ATM research has expanded substantially, with South Africa serving as a key collaboration hub. However, intra-African collaboration remains limited. Strengthening regional partnerships, institutional capacity, and funding is essential for advancing evidence-based traditional medicine in Africa.
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creator: Samuel Ankamah
creator: Emelia Oppong Bekoe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Ankamah, Emelia Oppong Bekoe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 42
ending page: 55
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2182

Documentation of medicinal plants of The Sudan, methods applied and future prospects
type: item
description: In an attempt to establish a national work plan or program for studying medicinal plants and their therapeutic uses, it is primarily important to identify and document all available information in the field. Documentation of medicinal plants is considered crucial in preserving the loss of orally transmitted indigenous cultural heritage, identifying new therapeutic compounds for further pharmacological studies, securing the intellectual property rights for local communities, and facilitating conservation processes to overwhelm overexploitation through sustainable utilization.
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creator: Gamal El Ghazali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gamal El Ghazali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 01
ending page: 04
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2216

Antiviral Activity of Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Kenya and Their Potential Role in Managing Viral Infections: A Systematic Review
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description: ABSTRACT Background: The use of indigenous medicinal plants to manage viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Herpes, Hepatitis, and measles is a global practice, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, reliance on traditional remedies increased significantly. However, concerns remain regarding the scientific validation of efficacy, dosage and safety of these remedies. Objective: To systematically summarise the available scientific evidence on the antiviral properties of Kenyan medicinal plants and highlight those suitable for further pharmacological research and development. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed using Boolean combinations of keywords: “antiviral,” “activity,” “herbal,” “plant,” and “Kenya.” Eligible sources included original research articles, conference papers, and abstracts that assessed antiviral activity through in vitro, in-vivo, or clinical methods. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 54 plant species evaluated, 28 exhibited antiviral activity against six viruses: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (14 plants), herpes simlex virus (HSV) (9), measles virus (MV) (5), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (4), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (3), and dengue virus (DV) (1). Conclusion: Several Kenyan medicinal plants show promising antiviral properties. Further research is needed to investigate their mechanisms of action, toxicity/safety, and dosaging to support their integration into evidence-based healthcare.
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creator: RAPHAEL LWEMBE
creator: Koome John Kirema
creator: James Kinoti Njue
creator: Alex Kattam Maiyo
creator: Judy Wambui Chege
creator: Sospeter Njeru
creator: Joesph Muriuki
creator: Ermias Terefe
creator: Beatrice Irungu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RAPHAEL LWEMBE, Dr, Mr. John, Mss. Wambui , Dr, Dr, Dr, Dr https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 56
ending page: 70
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2065

Phytochemical-mediated silver nanoparticles synthesized from Vachellia sieberiana suppress redoxinflammatory signaling in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced organ toxicity
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description: Background: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are central drivers of chemically induced organ injury and colorectal carcinogenesis, particularly following exposure to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), a potent pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory carcinogen. Plant-mediated nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the bioactivity and systemic efficacy of phytochemicals against oxido-inflammatory damage. This study investigated the protective effects of Vachellia sieberiana–functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on DMH-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in male Wistar rats. Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of V. sieberiana and characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, confirming nanoparticle formation with a surface plasmon resonance peak at 437 nm. Oxidative and inflammatory stress was induced by weekly subcutaneous administration of DMH (25 mg/kg) for six weeks, alongside oral treatment with V. sieberiana–AgNPs (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). Antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GST, SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified in the colon, liver, and kidney, while colonic IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: DMH markedly suppressed colonic GPx (61.43%), GST (68.72%), GSH (57.07%), and SOD (42.45%), with a concomitant increase in MDA levels (39.55%, p < 0.05). Hepatic and renal tissues showed similar antioxidant depletion, including reductions in hepatic GPx (73.53%) and renal GSH (65.51%), alongside significant elevations in MDA (up to 73.25%). V. sieberiana–AgNPs dose-dependently restored antioxidant defenses and reduced lipid peroxidation, achieving MDA reductions of 54.38% in the colon and 47.15% in the kidney at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01). DMH-induced increases in colonic IL-6 (23.42%), IL-1β (43.30%), and TNF-α (18.37%) were significantly attenuated following AgNPs treatment. Conclusion: V…
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creator: Oladayo Daniel, Afolabi
creator: Tunbosun Emmanuel Akinboboye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oladayo Afolabi, Tunbosun Emmanuel Akinboboye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 28
ending page: 41
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2128

Cassia tora Gum: Structural Modification and Pre- Formulation Studies
type: item
description: Background: Natural gums are biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, easily available, and accessible. However, certain associated disadvantages such as low swellability, low viscosity, and flowability make them unsuitable for pharmaceutical applications. The study aims to modify Cassia tora gum (CTG) through cross-linking by exploring the free hydroxyl groups. Methods: Borax (B), Epichlorohydrin (ECH), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) were used as the cross-linking reagents. Results: The cross-linking envisaged modifying parameters such as swelling index, viscosity, flowability, sedimentation volume, flocculation efficiency, and retrogradation. Conclusion: The study concluded CTG-ECH and CTG-B as the cross-linked gums displaying significantly modified properties. The CTG-ECH displayed better compressibility, flowability, viscosity, retrogradation, and flocculation efficiency, while the CTG-B was better in terms of freeze-thaw stability and sedimentation volume. In addition, the fabricated gums displayed distinct surface morphology which suggested their enhanced drug loading capacity. Therefore, the results of the study present their utility as novel bio-polymeric materials.
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creator: Bhargavi Pavuluri
creator: Deepti Tripathi
creator: Gul Naz Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gul Naz Fatima, Pavuluri Bhargavi, Deepti Tripathi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 17
ending page: 27
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2121

A Comprehensive Review of the Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Health- Promoting Potential of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (Finger Millet)
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description: Eleusine coracana (finger millet), also known as Ragi is a traditional cereal extensively cultivated in India and parts of Africa, is gaining attention as a nutrient-dense food with multiple health-promoting properties. It is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, dietary fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, which contribute to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Processing methods such as germination, fermentation, malting, and roasting have been shown to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of these bioactive compounds, further improving the nutritional and functional quality of finger millet-based foods. Scientific studies indicate that finger millet regulates oxidative stress, improves enzymatic antioxidant defenses, lowers postprandial glucose, modulates gut microbiota, inhibits pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and exhibits cytotoxic and chemopreventive effects against various cancer cell lines. Its prebiotic properties also support beneficial gut microbes, contributing to overall metabolic and immune health. This review consolidates current research on the phytochemical composition, biological activities, and therapeutic potential of Eleusine coracana, emphasizing its role as a functional food and a natural source of health-promoting compounds. Future research should focus on detailed characterization of bioactive constituents, optimization of processing techniques, and the development of nutraceuticals to fully harness the functional, therapeutic, and disease-preventive potential of finger millet.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Fakeha Shaikh
creator: Ashish Uzgare
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ashish Uzgare, Fakeha Mohammed Rehan Shaikh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 107
ending page: 113
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2097

MET-Mediated Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: In Silico Analysis of the Potential of Epicatechin-3-Gallate and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as Therapeutic Adjuvants
type: item
description: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide by incidence and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Although chemotherapy has improved survival rates, long-term use often leads to chemoresistance and significant side effects. Therefore, new adjuvant strategies are urgently needed. This study examines the potential of tea catechins (Camellia sinensis), specifically epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), as adjuvants to overcome chemoresistance in CRC. Methods: We used a computational approach combining network pharmacology and molecular docking. Results: Protein target analysis showed that ECG and EGCG specifically target four proteins, including the key hub protein c-Met (MET). The MET protein plays a vital role in CRC chemoresistance, especially in response to anti-angiogenic therapy. This potential is supported by patient survival data indicating a poor prognosis for CRC patients with MET overexpression. The molecular docking results suggest that EGCG and ECG bind strongly to c-Met, with binding energies of -9.2 kcal/mol and -9.1 kcal/mol, respectively. This high affinity supports the idea that ECG and EGCG can directly modulate c-Met's various functions. Conclusion: This in silico study provides a solid molecular basis for developing tea catechins as chemosensitizers to improve chemotherapy effectiveness and reduce chemoresistance in CRC.
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creator: Anwar Rovik
creator: Volta Kellik Setiawan
creator: Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya
creator: Ratna Dewi Puspita
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar Rovik, Volta Kellik Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 05
ending page: 16
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2075

Plant-Derived Bioactive Proteins and Peptides as Emerging Therapeutics: Current Evidence and Potential Translational Challenges
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description: Medicinal plants have long served as a cornerstone of traditional therapies, primarily recognized for their rich repertoire of secondary metabolites. Beyond these small molecules, plants produce a diverse array of proteins endowed with potent bioactive properties that remain comparatively underexplored in modern drug discovery. This review aims to consolidate and highlight the current knowledge on major families of plant-derived proteins and peptides with medicinal value, with particular emphasis on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic limitations, mitigation strategies, and translational potential. A narrative literature survey was conducted using peer-reviewed studies to feature plant proteins/peptides, such as lectins, pathogen-related proteins, RIPs, proteases, etc., with reported medicinal values. The review highlights how plant proteins exert therapeutic effects through defined molecular interactions, including enzymatic catalysis, selective membrane disruption, receptor binding, immune modulation, and interference with pathogen or cancer-associated cellular processes, resulting in antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. It is believed that the evolutionary diversification and lineage-specific expansion of these protein families have generated extensive functional variability, increasing the likelihood of identifying molecules with novel or enhanced bioactivity. Advances in genomics, proteomics, and recombinant expression technologies have further accelerated protein discovery, functional characterization, and bioengineering, enabling improved specificity, stability, and delivery. Collectively, the evidence supports plant-derived proteins as a versatile and multifunctional class of biomolecules that complement conventional small-molecule therapeutics, while underscoring the need for systematic characterization, optimized production strategies, and well-designed preclinical and clinical studies to support their …
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creator: Makarim Osman
creator: Amina Ibrahim Dirar
creator: Rieham Sallah H. Osman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Makarim Osman , Dr. Amina I. Dirar, Miss Rieham Sallah H. Osman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 71
ending page: 87
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2132

Medicinal Significance, Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties of Prunus persica (L.): A Review
type: item
description: Peaches, scientifically named Prunus persica Linn. and belonging to the Rosaceae family, have been found to be very acceptable due to their taste, nutritional, and therapeutic qualities. Peaches are native to China but widely grown around the globe. They can be eaten fresh, dried, or even frozen. In this review, the pharmacological activities of the peach plant, including the leaves, fruits, bark, and seeds, will be discussed. According to the chemical composition, Peach has very high antioxidant properties because components such as flavonoids, hydroxyl-cinnamates, polyphenols, and glutathione remove free radicals and apply antioxidant effects at the cell level. These include quercetin, catechin, persuasive, and cyanogenic glycosides, which inhibit inflammatory enzymes and pathways. The fruit also has anticancer properties whereby polyphenols, flavonoids, peptides, glycosides, and phenols hinder the growth of the tumors, cause the death of the cells, and also stop the spreading of the cancer cells. Furthermore, peach contains flavonoids, phenolics, sterols, and nano-silver, which are associated with its antimicrobial action against hosts of microorganisms. It is reported to possess an anti-allergic effect by suppressing histamine release and regulating allergic reactions. Therefore, Prunus persica is a versatile medicine plant with multiple pharmacological importance and may be used therapeutically in the near future. More research is required to examine its comprehensive potential for wellness and health related to the present sources of bioactive compounds.
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creator: Daniya Nadeem
creator: Zoya Amin
creator: Javeria Kulsoom
creator: Munsif Ali Jatoi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Daniya Nadeem, Zoya Amin, Javeria Kulsoom, Munsif Ali Jatoi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 88
ending page: 97
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2038

Gaps in Glaucoma Diagnosis and Management in Low-Resource Settings: Evidence, Challenges, and Practical Solutions for West Africa
type: item
description: Glaucoma remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness in West Africa, where prevalence among adults aged ≥40 years far exceed global norms. Despite the availability of effective medical and surgical interventions, late presentation and advanced disease at diagnosis persist, driven by systemic, socioeconomic, and cultural barriers. This review synthesizes evidence on epidemiological burden, risk factors, diagnostic capacity, and care pathway challenges in low-resource settings. Key findings include aggressive disease phenotypes, thin corneal profiles, and high familial risk, compounded by deficits in diagnostic infrastructure, particularly gonioscopy, and workforce shortages. Barriers span awareness, access, adherence, and follow-up, with cost and health literacy as dominant constraints. Practical solutions emphasize community-based screening, task-shifting to optometrists, integration of glaucoma care into primary health systems, cost-containment strategies for medications, and telemedicine for remote monitoring. Implementation science approaches and policy reforms, including insurance coverage and workforce upskilling, are critical to reducing glaucoma-related blindness. Addressing these gaps through coordinated, context-specific interventions offers a pathway to preserve vision and improve quality of life across West Africa.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Samuel Kyei
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Kyei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.2079

Mental Health Literacy and Stigma among Pharmacists toward Patients with Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Sudan
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description: Background: Pharmacists, as the most accessible healthcare providers, play a significant role in disease management, yet their involvement in mental health services is limited by stigma, inadequate training, and negative perceptions. The ongoing conflict in Sudan has exacerbated mental health challenges, thus making it essential to assess pharmacists' readiness to address these issues. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health literacy, stigma, and comfort levels of Sudanese pharmacists in providing care to patients with mental health disorders. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that was distributed to Sudanese pharmacists via social media platforms. The questionnaire, adapted from a previously validated tool, measured knowledge, attitudes, stigma, and comfort in managing mental health conditions versus cardiovascular diseases. SPSS version 29 was used to analyze the data with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A total of 413 pharmacists participated (73% female; most aged 25–30). Pharmacists demonstrated a high recognition of depressive disorders 94%, but moderate awareness of anxiety 62% and obsessive-compulsive disorder 68%. While pharmacists showed good knowledge of common psychiatric medications, with amitriptyline 76% and haloperidol 65% being the most recognized drugs, they viewed pharmacist consultation negatively. Pharmacists predominantly associated mental health patients with negative outcomes, such as an increased likelihood of suicide 76.8%, violence 75.8%, and illegal drug use 70.0%. Comfort levels in discussing psychiatric symptoms and providing medication counseling were significantly lower compared to those for cardiovascular conditions. Conclusion: The study revealed significant gaps in pharmacists' knowledge, comfort, and attitudes toward mental health disorders, as well as persistent stigma regarding mental health patients. Integrating mental health education into pharmacy curric…
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creator: Mohamed K. Suliman
creator: Salma A. Osman
creator: Aya A. Noureldaiem
creator: Asma M.Salih Ali
creator: Asia O. Ali
creator: Elkhanssa Abdelhameed Ahmed Elhag
creator: Bashir A. Yousef
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamed K. Suliman, Salma A. Osman, Aya A. Noureldaiem, Asma M.Salih Ali, Asia O. Ali, Elkhanssa Abdelhameed Ahmed Elhag, Bashir A. Yousef https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 45
ending page: 56
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.2072

Exploration of Histone H2B and Some Biochemical Markers in Sudanese Women with Breast Cancer
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description: Background: Despite the existence of breast cancer biomarkers, their analysis techniques are not simple. H2B protein is associated in breast cancer and thought to be effective and simple biomarker. Materials and methods: A total of 121 Sudanese breast cancer patients with different stages of the disease and 31 healthy individuals as the control group were included in this study. A pretested structured data sheet containing closed questions was used to classify the patients into different stages and to identify the age, sex, district, and the type of therapy. Blood samples were collected for laboratory investigation. H2B protein was measured by ELISA, and biochemical tests such as blood glucose, total cholesterol, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured by a spectrophotometer. Results and conclusion: Most cases were prevalent in Khartoum, Darfur, Kordofan, and Gezira, respectively. In Sudan, the most common types of therapy are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. H2B protein was investigated, and the mean value was found to have significant differences (p< 0.05) compared to control group. Regarding the disease stages, the mean values in the late stages (stages II and III) were found to have significant differences (p< 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively) compared to the control group. However, there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the mean value in the early stage (stage I) and the control group. This result showed that the H2B protein can be used as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. Moreover, the H2B mean values were positively associated with cholesterol and LDH, and negatively correlated with blood glucose levels.
subject: Articles
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creator: Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed
creator: Ahmed Mohamed Elamin Abdalla
creator: Yasir Ahmed Taha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed, Ahmed Mohamed Elamin Abdalla, Yasir Ahmed Taha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 24
ending page: 30
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.2029

Knowledge, Attitude And Practices towards Sugar-Sweetened Beverages amongst Adolescents in Senior High Schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana.
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description: ABSTRACT Background: The escalating consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has emerged as a pivotal contributor to the rise in diet-related health issues, particularly affecting young adults and adolescents in developed and developing nations. Despite the acknowledged impact of attitudes and nutritional knowledge on food choices, a substantial data gap persists in understanding their association with the consumption behaviour of Ghanaian adolescents, particularly in the context of SSBs. This study aimed to investigate the types and frequencies of SSBs consumed by secondary school students in Cape Coast, Ghana, while concurrently assessing their nutritional knowledge and attitudes toward SSBs consumption. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 393 randomly selected students from three different second cycle schools. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, encompassing SSBs consumption patterns, nutritional knowledge, and attitudes. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 facilitated data analysis, employing descriptive and chi-square analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Descriptive statistics unveiled a proportion (57.5%) of respondents exhibiting a high level of SSBs consumption. Concerning nutritional knowledge, 55.7% displayed moderate knowledge of SSBs consumption, while 52.9% held positive attitudes toward SSBs consumption. Bivariate correlation analysis indicated no significant association between BMI-for-age, knowledge level, and SSBs consumption levels. Conclusions: Despite a moderate level of nutritional knowledge among students, the evidence showed a high prevalence of SSBs consumption. concerted actions, including restricting SSBs availability in schools and public places, coupled with initiatives promoting healthier beverage choices, are warranted and should involve government, organizations, and the community. Keywords: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Adolesce…
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creator: Jessica Ayensu
creator: Freda Nana Agyeiwaa Okrah
creator: Micheal Akenteng Wiafe
creator: Mary Amoako
creator: Elinam Ama Dzorgbe
creator: Sandra Mensah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. , Freda Okrah, Dr. , Dr., Elinam Dzorgbe, Sandra Mensah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 57
ending page: 66
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.1901

Edible Insect Phobia and Associated Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in the Central Region of Ghana
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description: Objective: To identify factors associated with edible insect phobia among women of reproductive age in the Central Region of Ghana. Design: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Setting: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in the Central Region of Ghana, between March and June 2024. Participants: A total of 340 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) were recruited from outpatient clinics to participate in the study. Results: Edible insect phobia was significantly associated with level of education (p = 0.016), ethnic group (p < 0.001), pregnancy status (χ²(2) = 6.46, p = 0.040, Cramer’s V = 0.151, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.064–0.252), awareness of insects as food (χ²(2) = 17.45, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.234, 95% CI = 0.138–0.330), and prior insect consumption (χ²(2) = 16.54, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.228, 95% CI = 0.123–0.334). Edible insect phobia was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.223, 95% CI = -0.325 to -0.116, p < 0.001) and number of pregnancies (r = -0.163, 95% CI = -0.270 to -0.053, p = 0.003), but not with food neophobia score (r = 0.097, 95% CI = -0.020 to 0.209, p = 0.074). Conclusions: A higher phobia of edible insects among women of reproductive age was associated with younger age, fewer pregnancies, lower educational level, certain ethnicities, pregnancy status, unawareness, and no previous history of consuming edible insects. Interventions targeting these factors may help reduce edible insect phobia and increase acceptance of edible insects as dietary proteins among similar populations.
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creator: Safianu Osman Aleboko
creator: Christiana Nsiah-Asamoah
creator: Jessica Ayensu
creator: Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong
creator: Eric Komla Anku
creator: Aziz Mohammed
creator: Selina Atayoko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Safianu, RD, Prof. Nsiah-Asamoah, Dr. Ayensu, Dr. Agyapong, Anku, RD, MPH, Abdul Aziz, RD, Selina , RD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 38
ending page: 44
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.2033

Wound Healing and Pharmacological Properties of the Siddha Formulation Mathan Thailam: A Narrative Review
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description: Wound healing remains a significant concern in clinical practice, especially in chronic and infected wounds, where delayed healing can lead to serious complications and increased healthcare costs. The rising problem of antimicrobial resistance has encouraged a renewed interest in traditional systems of medicine as alternative options for wound care, even though conventional treatments are often effective. The Siddha system of medicine offers several medicated oils for external application, one of which is Mathan Thailam, a formulation that has been used for a long time in the treatment of burns, infected wounds, and ulcers.In this review, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords including “Mathan Thailam,” “wound healing,” and “Siddha medicine.” Studies published in English up to 2025 were considered, including preclinical experiments, traditional Siddha texts, and selected case reports; studies lacking relevant data were excluded. Evidence was synthesized narratively to evaluate pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical outcomes. Mathan Thailam formulation is prepared using Datura leaf extract, purified copper sulfate, and coconut oil. Earlier reports indicate that this preparation shows antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing effects. Preclinical data suggest that topical application of Mathan Thailam accelerates wound healing through increased collagen deposition, greater tensile strength, and improved epithelialization. It is thought that these effects are linked to changes in inflammatory mediators(TNF-α, IL-10) as well as better antioxidant defense systems and angiogenesis. Clinical evidence however remains limited and is largely confined to observational case reports documenting symptomatic improvement and reduction in wound size in chronic ulcers. In the absence of controlled clinical trials, such observations should be interpreted with caution. Overall, the ex…
subject: Articles
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creator: Bhavna Kumari
creator: Nikita .
creator: Tarun Kumar
creator: Manisha Pandey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bhavna Kumari, Tarun Kumar, Manisha Pandey, Nikita . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 98
ending page: 106
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i(1-Supp).2041

The Association of Polysomnographic Variables with BMI, Gender, and Age in Sudanese Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep. This study examines the relationship between polysomnographic variables and body mass index (BMI), gender, and age in 251 Sudanese adults with OSA, a population that has been underrepresented in prior research. Using overnight polysomnography, OSA severity was classified based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Results revealed a significant positive correlation between BMI and key polysomnographic parameters, including AHI, arousal index, and desaturation index, while sleep efficiency was negatively correlated with BMI. Severely obese individuals (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²) exhibited the highest AHI values (53.2 ± 36.3), with significant declines in sleep efficiency observed in obese participants. Age was negatively correlated with sleep efficiency, with older adults (≥65 years) showing the lowest values (74.9 ± 17.3). Gender differences were observed, with males exhibiting higher sleep efficiency (81.2 ± 15.6 vs. 75.6 ± 16.7, p = 0.010) and snoring intensity (29.0 ± 16.4 vs. 23.9 ± 13.8, p = 0.008), though AHI did not differ significantly between genders. This study provides novel insights into the multifactorial nature of OSA severity, highlighting the critical influence of BMI, age, and gender. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal inferences, and the omission of certain anthropometric measures, such as neck circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, may have influenced the findings. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing obesity and age-related changes in sleep physiology, particularly in understudied populations such as Sudanese adults.
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creator: Kamal Awad
creator: Asim Ala aldin Osman
creator: Makawi Ahmed Abdalhamid
creator: Barakat Mohazab Bakhit
creator: Mohamed Elfatih Omer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kamal M.Awad, Asim A. Osman, Makawi A. A. Osman, Barakat M. Bakhit, Mohamed E.Omer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 31
ending page: 37
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.1910

Plant lectins: The next frontier in precision glycan-targeted medicine
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description: Precision medicine is revolutionizing healthcare by shifting away from the traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach to treatments. This new approach focuses on developing therapies tailored to each individual. It takes into account a person’s unique genetic makeup, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Emadeldin Hassan E Konozy
creator: Alkhair Adam K Mohamed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Emadeldin Hassan E Konozy, Alkhair Adam K Mohamed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 2
ending page: 4
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v2i1.2070

Impact of hemodialysis on nutritional indices in chronic kidney disease patients: A cross-sectional study in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
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description: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is predicted to become the fifth leading cause of global mortalities by 2040. Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the choices for treatment in some countries for CKD patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Meanwhile, malnutrition, a well-known CKD-related complication is reported as a non-cardiovascular risk factor associated with mortality in HD patients. Therefore, measures to prevent, screen and manage malnutrition could impact CKD outcomes. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of hemodialysis on nutritional indices in CKD patients. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional design that enrolled 177 patients with ESRD patients visiting the HD Unit at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). Medical records of patients were retrieved and a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic, socio-economic data and lifestyle history. The Patient[1]Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) tool was used to assess the nutritional status of the HD patients. Results: Majority of the study participants 107 (57.1%) were males, whereas 48 (27.1%) were within the ages of 40 – 49 years and 91 (51.4%) had tertiary education. About 87 (49.2%) were on HD for at least 4 years and 138 (78.0%) had two HD sessions weekly. Exactly 72 (40.7%) and 105 (60.5%) reported fatigue and hypertension as the frequent nutritional symptom and the commonest influencing factor to ESRD, respectively. Also, 57.6% of patients had normal weight [BMI (18.5 - 24.49 kg/m2)] and 52.0% were well-nourished. There was a significant negative correlation between BMI and PG-SGA category rating (r = -0.325, p ≤ 0.01) and 53.1% of HD patients needed the highest triaging intervention. Conclusion: Whereas more than half (52.0%) of HD patients were well-nourished, 53.1% required highest-level of triaging intervention. Additionally, fatigue was the frequent nutritional symptom and hypertension was the prevalent predisposing factor among the…
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creator: Phoebe N D Teiko
creator: Dorcas A Teiko
creator: Awal M Seidu
creator: Joseph Boachie
creator: Kwame O Darkwah
creator: Felix A Botchway
creator: Perditer Okyere
creator: Richard K D Ephraim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Phoebe N D Teiko, Dorcas A Teiko, Awal M Seidu, Joseph Boachie, Kwame O Darkwah, Felix A Botchway, Perditer Okyere, Richard K D Ephraim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 42
ending page: 50
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v2i2.2064

Determinants of birth weight: A retrospective analysis at the University of Cape Coast Hospital
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description: Background: Although birth weight continues to be a key factor in determining the future physical and mental development of children, there is little surveillance data, especially in low-income settings where the incidence of low birth weight remains high. This present study aims to examine and model the probable association between maternal obstetric and socio-demographic factors and the birth weight of newborns born to mothers delivering at the University of Cape Coast Hospital in the Central Region of Ghana. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed birth records of 1030 deliveries at the Maternity Ward of the University of Cape Coast Hospital for the period of November 2020 through March 2022. The census sampling technique was used. The multiple linear regression method was used to model the association. Data were processed using SPSS v 22 and EViews 12 software packages. Results: A total of 539 (52.33%) male and 491 (47.67%) female neonates were in the study sample. The mean birth weight was 3.21 kg [SD = .5 kg]. Low birth weight prevalence was 5.5%. Male newborns (3.24 kg) were significantly heavier (p < .001) than the females (3.18 kg). The best-fit model on the association between newborn birth weight (BW) and maternal obstetric and socio-demographic factors was: BW = 2.988 - .112Gender + .077Tertiary education + .042Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) dose + .039Parity + .113Gestation. Conclusion: Public health interventions aimed at improving birth weight should focus on encouraging women education, preventing preterm deliveries and increasing uptake of Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine prophylaxis against malaria.
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creator: James Kojo Prah
creator: McAdams Abu Bakr
creator: Mary Boadi-Kusi
creator: Beth Offei-Awuku
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 James Kojo Prah, McAdams Abu Bakr, Mary Boadi-Kusi, Beth Offei-Awuku https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 33
ending page: 40
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v2i2.2063

Misuse of dexamethasone for cosmetic purposes boosts hyperthyroidism and hepatotoxicity in albino rats
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description: Background: The use of dexamethasone (Dex) for cosmetic purposes, particularly for skin lighting, is widespread and is associated with a high incidence of skin cancer in several populations. This study aimed to investigate the misuse of Dex for skin whitening, particularly its influence on thyroid, liver, and kidney function in female albino rats. Materials and methods: In the in vivo comparative experiments I and II, 36 female albino rats, each weighing 140– 162 g, were used. Thyroid function, liver enzyme activity, and renal function were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver and kidney sections were fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results: The groups administered high and low doses of Dex exhibited significant increases in thyroid hormone levels, liver enzyme activities, creatinine, and urea levels compared to the control group. In contrast, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Kidney sections displayed ghost glomeruli, partially necrotic tubular cells, and chronic inflammation at both doses. Liver sections showed binucleated cells, infiltration, and focal necrotic cells relative to the control. Conclusion: The misuse of Dex for cosmetic purposes influences hyperthyroidism, hepatotoxicity, and renal impairment, with dose- and duration-dependent effects.
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creator: Fatima Yousif Ahmad
creator: Abdelkarim Abobakr Abdrabo
creator: Omaima Ali Mohamed Ahmed
creator: Samia Mahdi Ahmed
creator: Ahmed Abdulbadie
creator: Zakaria Eltahir
creator: Amar Mohamed Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fatima Yousif Ahmad, Abdelkarim Abobakr Abdrabo, Omaima Ali Mohamed Ahmed, Samia Mahdi Ahmed, Ahmed Abdulbadie, Zakaria Eltahir, Amar Mohamed Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 27
ending page: 32
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v2i1.2062

The role of protein carbonylation in various diseases: A review
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description: Protein carbonylation is a post-translational modification that involves the addition of a carbonyl group (-C=O) to a protein, resulting in the formation of a carbonylated protein. This modification can occur through various mechanisms, including oxidative stress, enzymatic reactions, and non-enzymatic reactions. Protein carbonylation can have significant consequences, including loss of protein function, protein aggregation, and cellular stress and damage.Recent studies have highlighted the importance of protein carbonylation in understanding the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Protein carbonylation has been implicated in the development of cancer, where it can contribute to the promotion of cell growth and survival. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, consequences, and detection methods for protein carbonylation. We discuss the various mechanisms by which protein carbonylation can occur, including the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants. We also review the role protein carbonylation, including the loss of protein function, protein aggregation, and cellular stress and damage in several diseases. Therapeutic interventions and protein carbonylation are also considered. Furthermore, we discuss the various methods that have been developed to detect and quantify protein carbonylation, including the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and mass spectrometry. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of the different methods used in the measurement of protein carbonylation.Understanding the mechanisms, role in disease, and detection methods for protein carbonylation is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat diseases associated with protein carbonylation.
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creator: Obongama O Edet
creator: Emmanuel A Omon
creator: Odeyinka O Odewusi
creator: Amaechi N Nze
creator: Akinloye B Oyetunde
creator: Magdalene C Agwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Obongama O Edet, Emmanuel A Omon, Odeyinka O Odewusi, Amaechi N Eze, Akinloye B Oyetunde, Magdalene C Agwu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 14
ending page: 26
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v2i1.2061

Unconventional oil sources: emerging nutraceuticals for integrated health
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description: Recent scientific research emphasizes the growing importance of functional foods as both nourishment and medicine, leading to the exploration of unconventional oils from plant sources like black seed, hibiscus, black cumin, and insect sources such as melon bug and cochineal. These oils are rich in bioactive compounds—including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), antioxidants, phytosterols, and polyphenols—that contribute to anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Their unique nutritional profiles support the prevention and management of chronic diseases, metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, and gut microbiome imbalances, while also promoting mental health and longevity. Additionally, they show promise in dermatological applications, offering therapeutic benefits for skin and hair conditions. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific validation, these oils represent a sustainable and innovative approach to holistic health and food product development. However, further research is needed to enhance their stability, bioavailability, and dosage accuracy to ensure clinical efficacy. As nutraceuticals and nutritional supplements, unconventional oils offer exciting potential for future applications in personalized nutrition and disease prevention strategies.
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creator: Abdalbasit Mariod
creator: Haroon Elrasheid Tahir
creator: Suzy Salama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdalbasit Mariod, Haroon Elrasheid Tahir, Suzy Salama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 5
ending page: 13
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v2i1.2060

Patient Perceptions of the Impact of the National Health Insurance Scheme on Healthcare Service Delivery in Ghana: A Systematic Review
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description: Background: Patients in Ghana have conflicting perceptions about the impact of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on service delivery. While some acknowledge the scheme’s beneficial effects, others draw attention to its drawbacks. The objective of this study was to investigate how patients perceive the impact of the National Health Insurance Scheme on service delivery in Ghana. Results: A total of 300 articles were downloaded from various databases: 40 from Science Direct, 20 from Google Scholar, 160 from PubMed, 50 from ProQuest, and 30 from Scopus. The review findings were categorized into financial access, fairness of care, effectiveness of treatment, attitudes of healthcare professionals, waiting time, and availability of drugs. Conclusion: The study highlights the perceived benefits of NHIS in Ghana, including improved access to care, enhanced continuity of care, and alleviated financial burden on patients. However, challenges cast shadows on patient perception, such as negative attitudes of healthcare personnel, delays in accessing care, lack of coverage for critical services, unavailability of drugs, and concerns about service quality.
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creator: Nathan Mensah
creator: Emmanuel Osei
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nathan Mensah, Emmanuel Osei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 08
ending page: 17
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.1620

Biosafety of Beauveria Bassiana as a biopesticide: No effects on sex hormones in experimental rats
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description: This study evaluates the possible antagonistic effects of challenging wistar rats with the entomopathogenic fungi (Beauvaria bassiana) on their reproductive hormones. The fungus was isolated from diseased African grasshoper (Zonocerus variegatus) picked from cassava plantation within Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko University farm. The insects were brought to the laboratory and watched for the onset of disease symptoms. Veen’s media was used in the isolation of the entomopathogenic fungus from the insect cadavers after surface-sterilization and humid-incubation. Spore and conidia suspension of the entomopathogenic fungus was then prepared from a 14-day old culture of the microbe and used to infect another batch of the insect to confirm entomopathogenicity. An inoculum of the fungus was prepared and the concentration was adjusted to 106 sfu/ml. The inoculum was used to challenge the laboratory rats and watched for a period of 7days before being sacrificed. A control experiment was set up where the animals were not challenged with any microbe. Blood were collected into heparin bottles through ocular puncture and analysed for selected reproductive hormones using immunoassay kit. The rats were examined to ascertain they are in uniform reproductive cycle to minimize the spiking or reduction in hormonal concentration as a result of a varying phase before being sacrificed. Results showed a change in some hormonal levels in challenged rats compared to rats within the control group. Progesterone level was 6.67±1.16ng/mL in challenged rats while it was 6.33±0.58ng/mL in rats within the control group. Testosterone level was 3.40±0.20ng/mL and 3.50±0.17ng/mL respectively in rats within the challenged and control group respectively. However, Follicle Stimulating Hormone level was 2.00±0.10 mIU/mL and 1.93±0.12mIU/mL in challenged and control rats respectively. Despite the reduction, the values were still within the acceptable range with the exception of testosterone. Th…
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creator: Oluwatayo Ayotunde Makinde
creator: Babatunde Abiodun Kelly
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oluwatayo Makinde, Kelly https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 18
ending page: 23
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v3i1.1643

Electronic health record impact on data quality: An integrated review
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description: Few studies have assessed the impact of Electronic Health Record (EHR) on data quality and how it has impacted timeliness, accuracy, availability, integrity, consistency and uniqueness of health data. Assessing the current gaps between electronic health record utilisation in relation to enhancing data quality can help to identify and recommend key measures to improve healthcare delivery. This review examines the impact of electronic health record on data quality, and proposes recommendations desirable to improving healthcare delivery. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Integrative Review Frameworks (IRF) were adapted as a sign post for the study. These frameworks guided literature search, data analysis and presentation of findings. Boolean AND/OR operators were combined with search terms to increase relevant search results. Six (6) electronic databases that were used for literature search are Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest and Google Scholar. Searched articles were between 2012 to 2022, with the exception of two articles on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) published in 1986 and 1975. EHR implementation impact key health outcomes and contribute to timely and complete data submission. Implementation of Electronic Health Systems (EHS) embellish consistency, completeness, accuracy and integrity of clinical data significantly through embedded interoperability solutions. By reducing the scope of manual reviews, integrating a technology that automates data integrity and quality checks into EHR may potentially lessen the strain of maintaining data quality. Our findings depict that interoperability of clinical data sources will ensure consistent, timely and available health data when using EHR. The automated data integrity and consistency checks in the EHR improve data quality. The study contributes to advancing the theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in electronic health records and its impa…
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creator: Jonathan Kissi
creator: Caleb Annobil
creator: Ahmed Tijani
creator: Andrews Agyei Kissi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Jonathan Kissi, Caleb Annobil, Ahmed Tijani, Andrews Agyei Kissi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-01
publication date: 2023-12-01
starting page: 77
ending page: 85
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v1i2.1376

Plasmodium Falciparum Rifins: Role in malaria pathogenesis
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description: Malaria kills an estimated 600,000 people each year, especially children under five years who reside in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria fatalities are associated with severe forms such as cerebral malaria, acute respiratory failure, severe anaemia, renal failure, hypoglycaemia, and pulmonary oedema. Although the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in immune responses and parasite immune evasion, cytoadherence of parasitized red blood cells, and rosetting are enumerated, the mechanisms are not fully understood. P. falciparum parasite-derived surface protein, repetitive interspersed family (RIFIN) genes are involved in rosetting, blocking microcirculation, and playing a role in malaria pathogenesis; it is unclear which RIFIN family genes are involved in the various pathogenic mechanisms in malaria. RIFINs are the extensive malaria family genes expressed throughout the malaria parasite stages, indicating their diverse roles. Malaria pathogenesis occurs in erythrocyte-stage infection, and the expression of RIFINs at this phase could play a diverse role in the various pathogenic mechanisms. They are involved in major phenomena such as cytoadherence, merozoite evasion, and immune evasion. RIFINs aid in the immune evasion of P. falciparum through various molecular interactions by binding to the inhibitory receptors LAIR1, LILRB1, and LILRB2. RIFINs in severe forms of malaria (such as cerebral malaria and severe anaemia) require a considerable understanding to target and control malaria severity and mortality. RIFINs are implicated in severe malaria and are discussed together with other variant surface antigens such as STEVORS or PfEMP1 in the specific pathophysiology of malaria. This review details the role of RIFINs in the various malaria pathophysiological mechanisms underlying severe malaria and mortality
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creator: Paul Ekow Duntu
creator: Justice Afrifa
creator: Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
creator: Kwame Kumi Asare
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Paul Ekow Duntu, Justice Afrifa, Yeboah Kwaku Opoku, Kwame Kumi Asare https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-01
publication date: 2023-12-01
starting page: 64
ending page: 76
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v1i2.1375

The dilemma of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin
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description: Over the past two decades, cumulative increases in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been observed in selected geographic areas in several countries. The etiology of this CKD cannot be attributed to known or traditional causes or risk factors, and the term chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has been used to describe this entity. These regional endemic nephropathies are commonly known as CKD of unidentified cause (CKDu) or CKD of nontraditional etiology (CKDnt) and, more recently, Chronic interstitial nephritis of agricultural communities (CINAC). Unlike the traditional causes of CKD (i.e., Hypertension, Diabetes, chronic glomerulonephritis, etc), CKDu has been associated with agricultural and arid regions. Also, the socioeconomic state of those regions is key. This review addresses the present status of the knowledge for different aspects of this regional health problem as well as summarizes available evidence on the risk factors, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CKDu. It will also highlight the reasons why Africa should be concerned about this condition. Using the keywords “Africa, CKD of unknown origin,” a literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on the research published between 2000 and 2022. Results from the literature show that predisposition to heat stress and dehydration, subclinical rhabdomyolysis, toxins from alcoholic beverages, agrochemicals, and heavy metals all result in acute kidney injury, and repeated exposures to these factors can then cause CKDu. Earlier studies in Sri Lanka nephropathy by Nanayakkara and his team in 2014 identified that a genetic variant of SLC13A3 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter member 3) is associated with CKDu. Later research conducted in 2015 discovered KCNA10 (a voltage-gated potassium channel) also as a gene implicated in CKDu; these genetic variances were discovered to be common among the populace suf…
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creator: Shadrack O Sowah
creator: Leticia A. Amaama
creator: Perditer Okyere
creator: Prince Adoba
creator: Justice Afrifa
creator: Irene Donkor
creator: Samuel Ametepe
creator: Richard KD Ephraim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Shadrack O Sowah, Leticia A. Amaama, Perditer Okyere, Prince Adoba, Justice Afrifa, Irene Donkor, Samuel Ametepe, Richard KD Ephraim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-01
publication date: 2023-12-01
starting page: 54
ending page: 63
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v1i2.1374

Safety culture and patient safety outcomes in developing countries: A narrative review
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description: The effects of medical errors on patients are increasingly becoming a public concern. It is estimated that 10% and 20% of persons receiving healthcare in developed and developing economies, respectively, are harmed, but a majority of these errors are preventable. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current literature on the level of patient safety culture awareness and practice, predictors of patient safety culture, and the link between patient safety culture and patient outcomes in developing countries. A systematic search for literature from the following data bases, ScienceDirect, PubMed, JSTOR, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis Online, and Emerald Insight was carried out. Consistent with the inclusion criteria and study objectives, 23 published articles were included in this review. We found that patient safety culture awareness and practice in developing countries is low and still evolving. High predictors of patient safety culture include teamwork, communication, work environment and provider job satisfaction. Low predictors include a non-punitive response to errors, handoffs, transitions and transfers, staffing, and blameless reporting systems. We found that improved patient safety culture results in better patient outcomes. However, there is limited evidence on patient safety culture and patient outcomes in African countries, which hinder evidence-based practice aimed at promoting better health outcomes of patients. Stakeholders must ensure enhanced medical data collection and preservation of comprehensive incidence reporting systems and strategies to improve patient safety and health outcomes.
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creator: Jacob Owusu Sarfo
creator: Janet Exornam Yawo Ocloo
creator: Edward Wilson Ansah
creator: Mustapha Amoadu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Jacob Owusu Sarfo, Janet Exornam Yawo Ocloo, Edward Wilson Ansah, Mustapha Amoadu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-01
publication date: 2023-12-01
starting page: 43
ending page: 53
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v1i2.1373

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University of Cape Coast hospital in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana
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description: Despite the adoption of prophylactic programs of iron and folate supplementation (IFAS) to prevent nutritional anaemia in pregnancy, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in pregnancy remains a public health issue, especially in developing countries. An efficient strategy that may be helpful prior to establishing the objectives of any nutrition intervention is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pregnant women before implementing any intervention. This assessed KAP of pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinic at the University of Cape Coast Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 225 pregnant mothers who visited the antenatal clinic at the University of Cape Coast Hospital in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana was employed. A structured questionnaire from the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization was used to evaluate participants’ KAPs with reference to anaemia. A simple random sampling method was used to select participants for the study. IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 was used to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, which was summarized by frequency and percentages. A chi-squared test was used to determine the relationship between categorical variables at a significance level of P = 0.05. Overall, a greater proportion of the participants, 124 (55.1%), had poor knowledge on nutritional anaemia in pregnancy. A statistically significant association (P = 0.003) was found between the knowledge and attitudes of the pregnant women regarding anaemia. Findings from this study suggest there is a knowledge deficit among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University of Cape Coast Hospital. The positive attitudes of the study participants regarding anaemia may not translate into their knowledge concerning a health situation.
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creator: Safianu Osman Aleboko
creator: Kasim Abdulai
creator: Jessica Ayensu
creator: Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong
creator: Awal Seidu Mohammed
creator: Christiana Nsiah-Asamoah
creator: Moses Kwashie Klevor
creator: Gloria Boakyewaa Darko
creator: Patricia Nkrumah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Safianu Osman Aleboko, Kasim Abdulai, Jessica Ayensu, Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong, Awal Seidu Mohammed, Christiana Nsiah-Asamoah, Moses Kwashie Klevor, Gloria Boakyewaa Darko, Patricia Nkrumah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-01
publication date: 2023-12-01
starting page: 35
ending page: 42
doi: 10.47963/ihrj.v1i2.1372