The Conflict between Ahlus-Sunnah and Tijāniyya Muslims in Ghana

Abstract

The paper examines the theological debates between the Ahlus-Sunnah and their Tijāniyyah Brotherhood counterpart in Ghana. It traces the history of Islam in Ghana before listing the myriad of issues that led to violent conflict between these two Muslim groups. The Sharī‘ah rulings pertaining to the subjects of dispute are then highlighted. The study adopted the analytical, historical and descriptive research designs of the survey type. A self-developed questionnaire, two separate structured interview schedules and Focus Group Discussion guides were used for data collection among the members of the two groups. Using the stratified random sampling technique, 1,200 copies of questionnaire were administered to selected individuals who are members of the two religious groups (600 participants per group). Data were analyzed using simple percentage. Findings revealed that majority of the Ahlus-Sunnah (75%) and the Jallo Bāba group of the Tijāniyyah (80%) hold tenaciously to their views and, therefore, were more prone to violence. Findings further showed that socio-economic factors like occupation, type of education received and educational attainment play significant roles in the conflict. Whereas doctrinal and interpretational differences are the remote causes of the conflict, radical preaching which is sustained by provocative songs is responsible for the conflict’s eruption. Countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran, Bahrain and Egypt also exacerbated the violence through the support given to both parties. Evidence is, however, lacking to justify the claim that ethnicity aid the clashes. The paper concludes with an admonition for the feuding parties to place higher premium on the Islamic teachings on peaceful co-existence among people.