Mental Health Literacy and Stigma among Pharmacists toward Patients with Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Sudan

Pharmacists’ Mental Health Literacy

Abstract

Background: Pharmacists, as the most accessible healthcare providers, play a significant role in disease management, yet their involvement in mental health services is limited by stigma, inadequate training, and negative perceptions. The ongoing conflict in Sudan has exacerbated mental health challenges, thus making it essential to assess pharmacists' readiness to address these issues. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health literacy, stigma, and comfort levels of Sudanese pharmacists in providing care to patients with mental health disorders.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that was distributed to Sudanese pharmacists via social media platforms. The questionnaire, adapted from a previously validated tool, measured knowledge, attitudes, stigma, and comfort in managing mental health conditions versus cardiovascular diseases. SPSS version 29 was used to analyze the data with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results: A total of 413 pharmacists participated (73% female; most aged 25–30). Pharmacists demonstrated a high recognition of depressive disorders 94%, but moderate awareness of anxiety 62% and obsessive-compulsive disorder 68%. While pharmacists showed good knowledge of common psychiatric medications, with amitriptyline 76% and haloperidol 65% being the most recognized drugs, they viewed pharmacist consultation negatively. Pharmacists predominantly associated mental health patients with negative outcomes, such as an increased likelihood of suicide 76.8%, violence 75.8%, and illegal drug use 70.0%. Comfort levels in discussing psychiatric symptoms and providing medication counseling were significantly lower compared to those for cardiovascular conditions.

Conclusion: The study revealed significant gaps in pharmacists' knowledge, comfort, and attitudes toward mental health disorders, as well as persistent stigma regarding mental health patients. Integrating mental health education into pharmacy curricula and providing continuing training are essential to addressing these gaps and improving pharmacists’ readiness to provide care to patients with mental health disorders.