Medicinal Significance, Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties of Prunus persica (L.): A Review

Abstract

Peaches, scientifically named Prunus persica Linn. and belonging to the Rosaceae family, have been found to be very acceptable due to their taste, nutritional, and therapeutic qualities. Peaches are native to China but widely grown around the globe. They can be eaten fresh, dried, or even frozen. In this review, the pharmacological activities of the peach plant, including the leaves, fruits, bark, and seeds, will be discussed. According to the chemical composition, Peach has very high antioxidant properties because components such as flavonoids, hydroxyl-cinnamates, polyphenols, and glutathione remove free radicals and apply antioxidant effects at the cell level. These include quercetin, catechin, persuasive, and cyanogenic glycosides, which inhibit inflammatory enzymes and pathways. The fruit also has anticancer properties whereby polyphenols, flavonoids, peptides, glycosides, and phenols hinder the growth of the tumors, cause the death of the cells, and also stop the spreading of the cancer cells. Furthermore, peach contains flavonoids, phenolics, sterols, and nano-silver, which are associated with its antimicrobial action against hosts of microorganisms. It is reported to possess an anti-allergic effect by suppressing histamine release and regulating allergic reactions. Therefore, Prunus persica is a versatile medicine plant with multiple pharmacological importance and may be used therapeutically in the near future. More research is required to examine its comprehensive potential for wellness and health related to the present sources of bioactive compounds.