The Challenges of University Knowledge and Technology Transfer on Entrepreneurial and Industrial Innovation - A Case Study of the University of Rwanda

Abstract

This study aims at investigating the challenges of Knowledge and Technology Transfer (KTT) in support of entrepreneurial and industrial innovation in Rwanda, particularly the University of Rwanda. The Triple Helix Model, which emphasizes university-industry-government collaboration, and the Technology Transfer Process Model are frameworks used to examine the challenges and opportunities associated with knowledge and technology diffusion and commercialization. A quantitative methodology approach (quantitative surveys) was developed to research what works best from a knowledge-translation point KTT mechanism. The results indicate that though some strides have been made, KTT in Rwanda remains demarcated and, above all, deficient in terms of industrial engagement, institutional support, research funding, and scattered application of the policies. The absence of defined collaborative mechanisms has led to poor commercialization and thus weakened the effect of academic research on development in the economy. This study advocates an AI-driven, KTT framework that is policy-wise consistent and features well-structured university-industry partnerships through AI-powered research matchmaking; digital Intellectual property (IP) management and an improved governmental incentive to fill these gaps. According to the recommendations, the establishment of a National Knowledge Transfer Office (NKTO) will be helpful to enhance commercialization grants, industry-academia training programs, and stronger IP protection policies. Therefore, the modification of the knowledge transfer ecosystem towards a more interactive one is to stimulate the rapid commercialization of research and the enhancement of entrepreneurship, as well as giving Rwanda share to innovation-led economic growth.